手部骨头(The bones of the hand)骨骼解剖_功能详解
手部骨头(The bones of the hand)
Carpal bones(腕骨)
Metacarpals(掌骨)
Phalanges(指骨)
1. Carpal bones
proximal row, from lateral to medial:
A. scaphoid(舟状骨),外侧掌面有明显的tubercle,最易骨折
B. lunate(月状骨)
C. triquetrum(三角骨)
D. pisiform(豆状骨),为种子骨,位于肌腱中,只与triquetrum形成关节
distal row, from lateral to medial:
E. trapezium(大多角骨),与拇指相接。也有明显的tubercle
F. trapezoid(小多角骨),与食指相接
G. capitate(头状骨),与中指相接。为最大块且形成最多关节的腕骨
H. hamate(钩骨),掌面有明显钩状(hook of hamate),与第四、第五指相接
资料来源:merriam-webster
Carpal arch(腕弓)
八块腕骨并非排列在同一水平面上,而是形成一个凹陷的弧度,称之为carpal arch
Lateral side:tubercles of the scaphoid and trapezium
Medial side:pisiform and the hook of hamate
资料来源:cambridgequestions
2. Metacarpals
A. 由大拇指往小指,依序是1st~5th metacarpal
B. 掌骨结构
a. base(基部)= proximal end
b. shaft(骨干)= body
c. head(头部)= distal end
C. 1st metacarpal
a. 与trapezium形成saddle joint(鞍状关节),可使拇指产生flexion、extension、abduction、adduction动作,活动度较其它掌骨大
b. 与phalanges(指骨)相接处有metacarpophalangeal joint(掌指关节)
D. 2nd metacarpal至5th metacarpal
a. 2nd metacarpal与腕骨中的trapezium、trapezoid、capitate相接,同时也和3rd metacarpal相接,是邻接最多腕骨的掌骨
b. 3rd metacarpal和capitate相接
c. 4th、5th和hamate相接
资料来源:eorthopod
3. Phalanges
A. 指骨的结构
a. base(基部)= proximal end
b. shatf(骨干)= body
c. head(头部)= distal end
B. 拇指以外的手指皆有三个指骨:
a. Distal phalanx(近端指骨)
b. Middle phalanx(中间指骨)
c. Proximal phalanx(远端指骨)
C. 拇指只有两个指骨:distal & proximal phalanx
D. 指骨间有interphalangeal joint(手部指间关节)连接,可做flexion、extension、abduction、adduction
E. 中线以中指为基准,向中指靠拢为adduction、远离为abduction,所以拇指、食指与第四、第五指的abduction、adduction方向相反
资料来源:anatomystudybuddy
参见:所有骨头列表(lists of all bones)
参见:掌骨(metacarpal)与腕骨(carpal)
标签:
骨骼(skeleton)